David Damrosch, "Globalization and Its Discontents"
Proto-globalization
Session 1: World Literature(s)/Weltliteratur(en)
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, from Conversations with Eckermann
- Hutcheson Macaulay Posnett, “World-literature”
- Erich Auerbach, “Philology of World Literature”
- Selections from Apuleius, Hafiz, and Goethe
Session 2: Comparing the Incomparable
- Marcel Detienne, “Constructing Comparables”
- Sheldon Pollock, "Comparison without Hegemony"
- Molière, from The Bourgeois Gentilhomme
- Chikamatsu Monzaemon, Love Suicides at Amijima
Shifting Centers:
Session 3: Peripheries and Semi-peripheries
- Franco Moretti, “Conjectures on World Literature” and “More Conjectures”
- Critiques of Moretti by the Warwick Research Collective
- Higuchi Ichiyo, “Separate Ways”
- James Joyce, “The Sisters,” “Eveline”
- Clarice Lispector, “Happy Birthday”
Session 4: Provincializing Europe
- Pascale Casanova, “Literature, Nation, and Politics”
- Oswald de Andrade, “The Anthropophagist Manifesto”
- Jorge Luis Borges, “The Argentine Writer and Tradition,” “Pierre Menard”
- Julio Cortázar, “Axolotl”
- Clarice Lispector, “The Fifth Story”
Translation in the Global Market
Session 5: The Uneven Playing Field
- Georg Brandes, “World Literature”
- Jorge Luis Borges, “The Translators of the 1001 Nights”
- Emily Apter, “Untranslatables: A World System”
- Selections from translations of The Thousand and One Nights
Session 6: Making a World Author
- Stephen Owen, “What Is World Poetry?”; “Stepping Forward and Back”
- Selections from Wu Cheng’en, Bei Dao, and Mo Yan
Born Global
Session 7: The Politics of Global English
- Gillian Lane-Mercer, “Global and Local Languages”
- Rebecca Walkowitz, from Born Translated
- Salman Rushdie, “Chekov and Zulu”
- Jhumpa Lahiri, “The Third and Final Continent”
- Jamyang Norbu, from The Mandala of Sherlock Holmes
Session 8: From Shanghai to Hollywood
- Eileen Chang, “Lust, Caution”
- Ang Lee, Lust, Caution
- Leo Ou-fan Lee, “Ang Lee’s Lust, Caution and Its Reception”
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B. Venkat Mani, "Tales of Unsettlement: Exile, Forced Migration, and Refuge in World Literature"
We are living, once again, in times of forced migrations and refuge. According to the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR), by the end of 2022 around 108 million human beings worldwide were forcibly displaced, surpassing documented numbers since the two World Wars. The proliferation of refugees and stateless people in the world has coincided with the resurgence of ethno-religious nationalism and divisive political rhetoric; some politicians are going so far as to challenging the very legitimacy of the 1951 Geneva Convention and Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees.
For governance structures and media, refugees, internally displaced persons, and stateless individuals are numbers, mere statistics. The numbers tell, or are made to tell, a specific set of stories by politicians and the media. Such stories treat refugees as a “statistic subject.” But human beings are not merely numbers. They are also “artistic subjects.” These tumultuous and contradictory times, as if by necessity, have re-energized the power of storytelling. Distress and suffering have once again been turned into a wellspring of creativity. This creative production is multilingual and multilocational: encompassing places of departure and arrival, which may be separated by thousands of miles, and the long journeys in between.
At this conflict-ridden and volatile moment at the beginning of the third decade of the twenty-first century, in this seminar we will engage with a variety of texts and historical contexts in the twentieth and early-twenty-first centuries that led to the creation of exiles, migrants, and refugees.
How do historical moments of forced migration and refuge impact our understanding of national and world literatures? How does an engagement with exilic and refugee figures broaden and deepen our comprehension of world literature? How do we understand the multilingual, polyphonic aesthetics of literary works that centralize forced migrations and refuge? These questions will serve as catalysts for our seminar, as we explore the position and ambition of the novel as part of contemporary literature.
The aim of the seminar is threefold. First, by engaging with conceptual histories of the terms “exiles,” “migrants,” and “refugees,” we will develop a differentiated understanding of “willful” and “forced” migrations. Second, we will explore how focusing on “refuge” and “forced migrations” open up new modalities of tracing colonial histories of geo-cultural partitions, race relations, labor migrations, and cross-linguistic exchanges, thereby identifying hitherto uncharted ways of conceptualizing mono- and multilingualism in the 21st century. And finally, we will try to understand the multiple valences of the term “global”: as a perspective, process, and a unit of comparison.
Session 1: Exiles, Migrants, and Refugees: Conceptual Histories
- Arendt, Hannah. “We Refugees.” The Jewish Writings.
- Said, Edward W. “Reflections on Exile.” Reflections on Exile and Other Essays.
- Nguyen, “On Being a Refugee, An American—and a Human Being.” In The Refugees.
Session 2: World Literature, Global History: Critical Approaches
- Damrosch, David. “Emigrations.” Comparing the Literatures: Literary Studies in a Global Age.
- Conrad, Sebastian. “Introduction” to What Is Global History?
Session 3: Migration, Forced Migration, and Refugee Studies: Critical Approaches
- Chimni, B. S. “The Birth of a ‘Discipline’: From Refugee to Forced Migration Studies.”
- Nguyen, Vinh. “Refugeetude: When Does a Refugee Stop Being a Refugee?”
Session 4: Tales of Unsettlement: The Stakes of World Literature
- Nguyen, Vinh. “The Migrant Rain.” Brick, A Literary Journal 107 (Summer 2021): 47-53. * Republished in LitHub: https://lithub.com/to-mourn-with-no-grave-vinh-nguyen-on-the-double-loss-of-a-father/
- Mani, B. Venkat. “Theorizing Unsettlement: Refugee Narratives as Literary Ration Cards.” In The Routledge Handbook of Refugee Narratives.
Session 5: Colonial Legacies: Divided Lands
- Arudapragasam, Anuk. A Passage North.
- Butalia, Urvashi. “Return.” The Other Side of Silence: Voices from the Partition of India.
Session 6: The Holocaust: Remembered from Elsewhere
- Desai, Anita. Baumgartner’s Bombay.
- Seghers, Anna. Transit. Translated by Margot Bettauer Dumbo.
Session 7: Cold Wars and War on Terror: Languages of Refuge
- Rahimi, Atiq. Earth and Ashes.
- Blasim, Hassan. “The Nightmares of Carlos Feuntes.”
Session 8: Imperial Legacies in the Present: Separated Waters
- Shafak, Elif. The Island of Missing Trees. New York, London: Bloomsbury, 2023, 1-24.
- Benzar, Annetta. I am Cyprus: 25 stories of the Migrant and Refugee Experience in Cyprus.
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Francesca Orsini, "The Magazine and World Literature"
Much of the debate on world literature has revolved around anthologies and book series, or else the curriculum and teaching of world literature courses (e.g. Mani's Recoding World Literature, Damrosch’s Teaching World Literature). Yet arguably, in many places and for many readers, exposure to literatures from other parts of the world largely took place through magazines. It was in magazines that foreign texts and writers first appeared and were reviewed and discussed. And while scholarship (like Boulson’s Little Magazine, World Form) has focused on avantgarde little magazines and their networks, the course will consider a wider range of “thick” and “little”, literary, commercial, and middlebrow magazines and ask, What kind of experience of world literature do magazines create? Which of the different versions of world literature—the world's classics; the best of X literature; the latest and contemporary; literatures of similar political affiliation—does each of this magazines convey? Does their reliance on short forms—the review, the short note, the poem, the story, flash fiction, abridgements, etc.—and on fragmentary, serendipitous, and sometimes token offerings produce a specific experience of world literature? And how is such an experience different from the more systematic but abstracted ambition of the book series and the course? The course aims to offer conceptual tools and practical examples for the study of magazines, expand our discussion on world literature to consider the crucial role of magazines, and analyse particular configurations, visions, and experiences of world literature that magazines produce. Participants will be encouraged to explore magazines in the languages they work with. You may want to watch some of the Magazine and World Literature webinars (which will have more visual examples).
Francesca Orsini is a literary historian interested in bringing a located and multilingual perspective to Indian literary history and world literature. She is the author of The Hindi Public Sphere (2002), Print and Pleasure (2009), and East of Delhi: Multilingual literary culture and world literature (2023), and the editor of, among others, Love in South Asia: A Cultural History (2006), Hinglish Live (2022, with Ravikant), and The Form of Ideology and the Ideology of Form (2022, with Neelam Srivastava and Laetitia Zecchini). She co-edits with Debjani Ganguly the series Cambridge Studies in World Literatures and Cultures, and with Whitney Cox the forthcoming Cambridge History of Indian Literature. She is Professor emerita of Hindi and South Asian Literature at SOAS, University of London, and a Fellow of the British Academy.
Session 1: How to Study Periodicals? Inventoring contents, translation flows, translators as (barely visible) agents, digital humanities?
- Matthew Philpotts, “Defining the Thick Journal: Periodical Codes and Common Habitus”, Journal of Victorian Culture Online 2012 (2013).
- Eric Boulson, ‘Introduction’, Little Magazine, World Form (Columbia, 2019).
- D Roig Sanz, L Fólica, V Ikoff, ‘Translation in literary magazines’, in The Routledge Handbook of Translation and Media (Routledge, 2022).
- Eileen M. Curran, “The Foreign Quarterly Review on Russian and Polish Literature”, The Slavonic and East European Review, 40.94 (1961).
Case studies:
Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine (1828) available on Internet Archive
Linea d’Ombra (1984)
Session 2: Europe, Orientalism, and World literature. Book imports and circulation; Orientalist and other scholarship; philology and translation; “read as literature” (Damrosch)
- Francesca Orsini, “Present Absence: Book circulation, Indian vernaculars and world literature in the nineteenth century”, Interventions 22.3 (2020).
- Damrosch, David, “Hugo Meltzl and “the principle of polyglottism”, The Routledge Companion to World Literature (Routledge, 2011).
Case studies:
Trübner’s American & Oriental Literary Record (1865-69) pdf to be circulated
Acta Comparationis Litterarum Universarum (1879) on Internet Archive
search for William Jones in German magazines
Session 3: Cut & Paste journals
- Isabel Hofmeyr, “The Politics of the Page: Tracking Print Culture in African Studies”, in The Bloomsbury Handbook of Postcolonial Print Cultures, ed. by Toral Jatin Gajarawala, Neelam Srivastava, Rajeswari Sunder Rajan, and Jack Webb (London: Bloomsbury, 2023).
- Francesca Orsini, “World literature, Indian views, 1920s–1940s”, Journal of World Literature 4.1 (2019): 56-81, https://doi.org/10.1163/24056480-00401002
Case study:
The Modern Review (1909-) on Internet Archive
Session 4: Modernist Magazines
- Eric Boulson, Little Magazine, World Form (Columbia, 2019), ‘Introduction’.
- Stefan Helgesson, ‘The little magazine as a world-making form: Literary distance and political contestation in southern African journals’, in S. Helgesson, ed., Literature and the Making of the World (Bloomsbury, 2022).
Session 5: Magazines and planned world literature (Soviet Russia, China, GDR)
- Nailya Safiullina, Rachel Platonov, “Literary Translation and Soviet Cultural Politics in the 1930s: The Role of the Journal Internacionalʼnaja literature”, Russian Literature, 72.2 (2012).
- Elena Ostrovskaya & Elena Zemskova, “Between the battlefield and the marketplace: International Literature magazine in Britain”, Russian Journal of Communication, 8.3 (2016).
- Jia, Yan, "‘Eastern Literature’ as Happenstance? Re-reading Indian Literature in 1980s Chinese Magazines", Journal of World Literature, 8.2 (2023).
Case study:
International Literature
Session 6: Cold War and Decolonization
- Hala Halim, “Lotus, the Afro-Asian Nexus, and Global South Comparatism”, Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, 32.3 (2012).
- Sophia Azeb, “Crossing the Saharan boundary: lotus and the legibility of Africanness”, Research in African Literatures 50.3 (2019).
Case study:
Lotus
Session 7: World literature as a special issue
- Orsini, Francesca, "World Literature as a Special Issue”, Journal of World Literature 8.2 (2023).
- Jennifer Dubrow, “Looking East: Japan, Saqi, and the World of Urdu Modernism in 1930s South Asia”.
Case studies:
Sarika (ppt to be shared)
Saqi (available on Rekhta.org)
Session 8: From Print to Online. From Books Abroad to World Literature Today, Asymptote
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Jill Allyn Rosser, Speer Morgan, Marco Roth, Raymond Hammond, Todd Zuniga, Eli Horowitz, Aaron Burch, “A Roundtable on the Contemporary Literary Magazine”, Mississippi Review, Vol. 36, No. 3, Literary Magazines (Fall, 2008), pp. 38-46
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Aram Mrjoan, “Asymptote Journal Is Fighting the #MuslimBan With Translation”.
- Raluca Tanasescu and Chris Tanasescu, “Translator networks of networks in digital space: The case of Asymptote Journal”, in K. Marais and R. Meylaerts, eds, Complexity Thinking in Translation Studies: Methodological Considerations (London: Routledge, 2018).
- Seth Perlow, “The online literary magazine: Some preliminary responses”, in Tim Lanzendörfer, ed., The Routledge Companion to the British and North American Literary Magazine (London: Routledge, 2021).
- Jones, Ellen. “Digital Palimpsesting: Literary Translation Online,” in Houman Barekat et al., eds, The Digital Critic: Literary Culture Online (OR Books, 2017).
- Video trailer of Asymptote’s anniversary issue, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_7JPDrOmoUQ&feature=youtu.be
- https://bigthink.com/videos/alane-salierno-mason-introduces-words-without-borders/
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Panagiotis Roilos, "Hyperreality"
The crisis of representation in postmodernity—closely connected with social and existential alienation and technological development—often manifests itself in terms of “hyperreality,” where any distinction between “the real” and “the simulacrum” is blurred. The boundaries between “reality” and “non-reality” and relevant concepts (e.g. originality, authenticity, mimesis, simulacrum) have been explored and challenged from different but comparable perspectives in philosophy, art, and literature since classical antiquity. This seminar will investigate discourses on, or inspired by “hyperreality” and its epistemological, ontological, and political implications, from antiquity to postmodernity. Authors and thinkers to be discussed include Plato, Descartes, Schopenhauer, Jean Baudrillard, Guy Debord, Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari, Umberto Eco, Fredric Jameson, Paul Virilio, Bruno Latour, Elizabeth Grosz, Niklas Bostrom, Lucian, Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Franz Kafka, Jorge Luis Borges, William Gibson, Philip K. Dick, Christine Broke-Rose, Italo Calvino, Don DeLillo, Julian Barnes.
His publications and research interests center upon postclassical Greek literature and culture, cognitive humanities, comparative poetics, cognitive and historical anthropology, posthumanism, reception studies, medieval and modern literary theory, ritual theory, orality and literacy. He is the (co)author and (co)editor of nine books, including Towards a Ritual Poetics (co-authored with Dimitrios Yatromanolakis, 2003) and the monographs Amphoteroglossia: A Poetics of the Twelfth-Century Medieval Greek Novel (2005); C. P. Cavafy: The Economics of Metonymy (2009); and Lamenting Greece”: On Early German Philhellenism (16th and 17th Centuries) (in Greek; forthcoming). He is currently completing a book on hyperreality, the crisis of representation, and posthumanism, entitled Neomedieval Metacapitalism. His new book project is a study of the history of imagination in late antiquity and the Greek Middle Ages (Postclassical Imaginaries: A Cognitive Anthropology of Late Antique and Byzantine Phantasia).
Session 1: Classical Hyperrealities
- Selections from Plato's Republic and Sophist
Session 2: Itinerant Holograms and Dramatic Explorations: From Antiquity to Early Modernity
- Gorgias, Helen's Encomium
- Euripides, Helen
- Selections from Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Life is a Dream.
Session 3: Disturbing Metaphysics
- Selections from René Descartes, Meditations on First Philosophy
- Selections from Arthur. Schopenhauer, The World as Will and Representation
- Selections from Gilles Deleuze, The Logic of Sense, New York 1990.
Session 4: Rhizomatic Worlds and Simulated Selves
- Short stories by Kafka.
- Selections from Giles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, Kafka: Toward a Minor Literature; sections from Luigi Pirandello, Six Characters in Search of an Author
Session 5: Consuming Signs and Integral Realities
- Selections from Guy Debord, The Society of the Spectacle
- Fredric Jameson, "Postmodernism and Consumer Society," in H. Foster (ed.), Postmodern Culture, London, 1985.
- Jean Baudrillard, "Violence of the Virtual and Integral Reality"
- selections from Borges.
Session 6: Plastic Chronotopes
- Selections from Paul Virilio, The Lost Dimension
- Selections from Jean Baudrillard, Simulacra and Simulation
- Selections from Elizabeth Grosz, Time Travels: Feminism, Nature, Power.
Session 7: Hyperreal Communities
- Selections from Jean Baudrillard, America
- Selections from Umberto Eco, Travels in Hyperreality
- selections from Fredric Jameson, Postmodernism, or The Cultural Logic of Capitalism
- Selections from Jules Barnes, England England.
Session 8: Cyber-Realities
- Selections from Philip K. Dick, Ubik.
- Fredric Jameson, "In Hyperspace," London Review of Books, 10 September 2015
- Nick Bostrom, "Are You Living in a Computer Simulation?," Philosophical Quarterly (2003) Vol. 53, No. 211.
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Gisèle Sapiro, "How do literary works cross borders (or not)?"
Since the mid-19th Century, translation has become the main channel for the transfer of a text from one culture to another. The canon of world literature is composed of translated texts. However, the circulation of literary works in translation does not happen randomly. It is characterized by asymmetry, inequality, hegemony of certain languages. The seminar will explore different models for thinking this phenomenon: unequal exchanges (Casanova), flows of translation and world system theory (Heilbron), cultural transfers and polysystem theory (Even-Zohar), field theory and the economy of symbolic goods (Bourdieu). Three types of factors determining the circulation of literary works will be examined: economic, political and cultural. Attention will be paid to variations in time and space (including the communist and the postcolonial contexts) and to the role of agents: publishers, translators, critics and other importers of foreign literature. Finally, norms of translations depend on the target culture. How do they shape the reception of the translated texts?
Gisèle Sapiro is Professor of Sociology at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales and Research director at the CNRS, member of Academia Europaea, silver Medal of the CNRS 2021. Her areas of interest are the sociology of culture, of literature, of intellectuals, of translation, and of the circulation of ideas.
She is the author of The French Writers’ War 1940-1953 (Duke UP, 2014 [French original : 1999]), La Responsabilité de l’écrivain. Littérature, droit et morale en France, XIXe-XXIe siècle (Seuil 2011), The Sociology of Literature (Stanford UP in press ; French original : La Sociologie de la littérature, La Découverte 2014 ; transl. Spanish, Portuguese, Japanese, Turkish, Bulgarian), Los Intelectuales : profesionalizacion, politizacion, internationalizacion (Eduvim, Cordoba, 2017), Les Ecrivains et la politique en France (Seuil 2018), Peut-on dissocier l’œuvre de l’auteur ? (Seuil 2020 ; transl. Spanish, Portuguese, Swedish ; forth. Dutch and Korean), Des mots qui tuent. La responsabilité de l’intellectuel en temps de crise, 1944-1953 (Points Seuil 2020).
Among the books she (co)edited : Pour une histoire de sciences sociales (Fayard 2004), Pierre Bourdieu, sociologue (Fayard 2004), Translatio. Le marché de la traduction en France à l’heure de la mondialisation (CNRS Editions 2008) ;Les Contradictions de la globalisation éditoriale (Nouveau Monde 2009 ; trans. Spanish) ; L’Espace intellectuel en Europe (La Découverte 2009) ; Traduire la littérature et les sciences humaines (DEPS 2012) ; Sciences humaines en traduction (Institut français 2014) ; Profession ? Ecrivain (CNRS Eds 2017) ; Ideas on the move in the Social Sciences and Humanities : The International Circulation of Paradigms and Theorists (Palgrave 2020) ; Dictionnaire international Bourdieu (CNRS Eds 2020 ; forth. in Arabic and Turkish).
Session 1: The World Republic of Letters: a hierarchized space
- Pascale Casanova, 2005. “World Literary Space”, in The World Republic of Letters, translated by M. B. DeBevoise, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, chap. 3.
Session 2: Flows of translations: center and periphery
- Johan Heilbron, 1999. “Towards a Sociology of Translation: Book Translations as a Cultural World-System,” European Journal of Social Theory vol. 2, n° 4.
- Lawrence Venuti, 1998. “Globalization,” in The Scandals of Translation. Towards an ethics of difference, London-New York, Routledge, chap. 8.
Session 3: Channels of circulation
- Ioana Popa, 2006. “Translation channels: A primer on politicized literary transfer”,
- Target. International Journal of Translation Studies, vol. 18, n°2.
- Aleš Debeljak, 2004. “Concentric Circles of Identity”, in Ursuala Keller and Ilma Rakusa (Eds.), Writing Europe. What is European about the Literatures of Europe? Essays from 33 European Countries, English. Transl., Budapest-New York: CEU Press.
Session 4: Translated literature in the reception space
- Itamar Even-Zohar, 1990. “The Position of Translated Literature within the Literary Polysystem.” Poetics Today vol. 11, n° 1.
- David Bellos, 2011. “Translating Literary Texts,” in Is That a Fish in Your Ear? Translation and the Meaning of Everything. Penguin and Faber, chap. 27.
Session 5: The structure of the publishing field and the role of importers
- Gisèle Sapiro, 2010. “Globalization and Cultural Diversity in the Book Market: The Case of Translations in the US and in France.” Poetics vol. 38, n° 4: 419-39. Reprinted in David Damrosch ed., 2014. World Literature in Theory, Wiley-Blackwell.
- Stephen Kinzer, 2003. “America Yawns at Foreign Fiction,” The New York Times, July 26. http://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/26/books/america-yawns-at-foreign-fiction.html
- Motoko Rich, 2008. “Translation Is Foreign to U.S. Publishers.” The New York Times, October 17. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/18/books/18book.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0
- Jill Schoolman in conversation with Kate Trainor, 2005, The Brooklyn Rail. Critical Perspectives on Arts, Politics, and Culture, January. http://www.brooklynrail.org/2005/01/books/jill-schoolman
- Christine Brooke-Rose, “Between”, in The Christine Brooke-Rose Omnibus, Carcanet Press, 2007.
- A Conversation with Christine Brooke-Rose By Ellen G. Friedman and Miriam Fuchs. The Review of Contemporary Fiction, Fall 1989, vol. 9.3. http://www.dalkeyarchive.com/a-conversation-with-christine-brooke-rose-by-ellen-g-friedman-and-miriam-fuchs/
Session 6: The meaning of translation: reception and strategies of appropriation
- Pierre Bourdieu, 1999. “The Social Conditions of the International Circulation of Ideas.” English trans., in Bourdieu, a Critical Reader, ed. R. Shusterman, Wiley-Blackwell.
- André Malraux, 1952. “A preface for Faulkner’s Sanctuary,” (1933). English Transl. Yale French Studies, n°10.
- Jean-Paul Sartre, “On The Sound and The Fury: Time in The Work of Faulkner,” (1939) English Transl. http://drc.usask.ca/projects/faulkner/main/criticism/sartre.html
Session 7: Norms of translation
- Gideon Toury, 1995. “The Nature and Role of Norms in Translation,” in Descriptive Translation Studies and Beyond. Amsterdam-Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
- G.H. McWilliam, 1972. “Translator’s introduction”, in Giovanni Boccacio, The Decameroun, Penguin Books.
- Giovanni Boccaccio, 1972, The Decameroun, Penguin Books. Selections.
Session 8: The circulation of texts in postcolonial contexts
- Pascale Casanova, 2005. “The Tragedy of Translated Men”, The World Republic of Letters, translated by M. B. DeBevoise, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, chap. 9 (three first sections).
- Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o, 1986. “The Language of African Literature,” in Decolonising the Mind: the Politics of Language in African Literature, chap. 1.
- Edouard Glissant, 1999. “Poetic Intention” (1997), in Denis Hollier and Jeffrey Mehlman eds. Literary Debate. Texts and Contexts, NY: The New Press.
- ‘Abdellatîf La’bî, 1999. “Prologue to the review Souffle” (1966), in Denis Hollier and Jeffrey Mehlman eds. Literary Debate. Texts and Contexts, NY: The New Press.
- Assia Djebar, 1999. “The White of Algeria” (1993), in Denis Hollier and Jeffrey Mehlman eds. Literary Debate. Texts and Contexts, NY: The New Press.